Understanding Telecoms, Networking, IP, VoIP and SIP

Why this Telecoms, IP and VoIP course?

This unique course provides an essential and authoritative coverage of modern networks and telecommunications systems, including voice, data, TCP/IP, IPv6 networks and Voice over IP (VoIP). Attendees gain a solid foundation in a broad spectrum of current networking technologies through focussed lecture sessions, lab exercises and in-class demonstrations. Comprehensive reference materials reinforce the subjects covered during the course.

Telecoms, IP and VoIP Training Course Objectives

On completing this course, you will be able to:

• Demonstrate a solid foundation in the broad spectrum of networking technologies that are essential for today’s network and IT professionals.
• Demonstrate a knowledge of key Telecoms, Networking, IP, VoIP and SIP technologies.
• Apply practical skills acquired through focussed lab exercises using with high-speed LANs, TCP/IP protocols, DHCP, DNS, IP routers, voice over IP products, IPv6 software, protocol analysers and more.

Who should attend this Telecoms, IP and VoIP course

• All Network support staff, regardless of the types of networks they support.
• All Telecommunications engineers – as a foundation for follow-on training, and also to “fill the gaps” in their areas of expertise.
• Systems support staff wanting a comprehensive grounding in modern telecommunications and networking technologies.
• Anyone needing a comprehensive introduction to modern telecommunications and data network technologies.

Telecoms, IP and VoIP Course Pre-requisites

Course attendees will ideally have some prior experience in the Telecoms or IT Industries.

Hands-on Practicals

Delegates gain hands-on practical experience with:

• High-speed LANs
• TCP/IP protocols
• Wireshark Protocol Analysis
• DHCP
• DNS
• IP routers (including Cisco)
• Voice over IP products
• IPv6 on Windows and Cisco routers
• Security firewalls
• and much more.

A new series of in-class demos and hands-on practical exercises allow delegates to experience a wide range of modern network technologies first-hand.

Lifetime Post-Course Support

After completing this Telecoms, IP and VoIP training course, delegates receive lifetime post-training support from LEVER Technology Group, to help them apply the technologies and skills they have learned with us, to provide career-long support, and to ensure they are better equipped for their future roles in IT and networking.

Telecoms, IP and VoIP Training Course Content

The evolution of telecommunications

• The PSTN, modems, digital links, ISDN, X.25
• Advent of computing, IP, Frame Relay, SDH
• PABXs, voice mail, ACD and other voice technologies
• LANs, intranets, LAN components, cabling
• Network Unification

Essential communications principles

• Network topologies
• Circuit-switched networks
• Packet-switched networks
• Bps versus Baud
• Data rate, bandwidth, throughput, latency, jitter
• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
• Inverse multiplexing, bonding
• Statistical Time Division (STDM)

Protocol architectures

• The OSI 7-layer model
• Common protocol architectures
• Function of protocols and layered architectures
• IEEE 802 standards model

Public telephony services

• Public telephone network
• ISDN: PRI, BRI
• Cellular mobile networks
• Cable networks

Using modems

• Modem functions
• Asynchronous and synchronous modems
• EIA-232, V.24, V.35
• Modem standards

ISDN networks

• ISDN Basic Rate, Primary Rate and Broad Band services
• ISDN structure and terminology
• ISDN and the OSI Model
• I.430/I.431, layer 1 frames
• I.441 ISDN layer 2 LAPD
• The ISDN signalling interface
• Q.931 signalling operation

WAN technologies

• Private Circuits
• T1/E1, T3/E3
• Overview of Fibre Optic Networking
• SONET/SDH
• Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

Broadband Services and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

• DSL Overview
• Broadband Evolution and DSL data rates
• Discrete MultiTone (DMT)
• Types of DSL:
• ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+, SDSL, SHDSL, IDSL, HDSL-2, VDSL, G.Lite.
• The Local Loop and BT
• The anatomy of broadband
• The role and typical functions of the DSLAM
• MDF, HDF, DSLAM, Splitter
• The CPE equipment
• Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) options
• BT LES
• MSAN

What is Computer Networking?

• Essentials concepts
• Peer-to-peer
• File transfer & sharing
• Client-server, Thin client

Network Data Transmission

• Network packets, frame types
• Data transmission
• Packet-switching concepts
• Packets versus cells

Ethernet and Local Area Networks

• IEEE 802 series standards
• Ethernet characteristics
• CSMA/CD
• Frame formats (DIX, 802.3)
• MAC addresseses: unicast, multicast, broadcast
• 10BASET, 100BASETx, Gigabit Ethernet, Metro Ethernet
• LAN Repeaters, Bridges
• Spanning Tree (STAP)
• Layer 2 switches
• The role of Routers
• Layer 3 switches
• Metro Ethernet

Introduction to TCP/IP

• The DARPA model
• Role of IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, ARP
• Application protocols
• IP address, subnet mask
• Default gateway

IP Addressing

• Class A, B, C, D, E
• What is a subnet?
• Subnet addressing
• Choosing the mask
• Defining subnet IDs
• Supernetting
• Common problems
• Resolving IP and MAC addresses
• ARP protocol & cache
• The arp command
• Common problems

IP Operation and Routing

• The IP Header
• Routing fundamentals
• Direct vs Indirect routing
• System routing tables
• Next Hop
• Metrics and reliability
• Static vs dynamic routing
• D-V protocols: RIP and RIP II
• Link State: OSPF, ISIS
• The Autonomous System
• Border Gateway Protocol, BGP
• Exterior BGP
• Interior BGP
• BGP neighboring and peering
• BGP Paths

DHCP

• DHCP Lease mechanism
• DHCP Operation
• Configuring scopes & options

Name Resolution

• IP naming schemes
• Configuring the HOSTS file
• DNS Structure
• DNS Principles
• DNS Record Types
• DNS Operation
• Common problems

Ports, TCP and UDP

• Port concept
• UDP operation
• TCP operation
• TCP handshake
• TCP data transmission and windows
• Closing a TCP session

NAT

• Principles of NAT
• Basic NAT
• NAPT/Overloaded NAT

Overview of IPv6

• Need for IPv6
• IPv6 Header
• IPv6 Addressing
• ICMPv6
• IPv6 and NAT?

Overview of VoIP

• Voice and data convergence
• Components of a VoIP system
• Standards employed in current VoIP solutions
• The role of Voice Processing
• The speech encoding process
• Sampling, Quantisation, Coding, Framing
• Silence suppression
• Voice coding and compression standards
• Adaptive encoding techniques
• Coding fax signals
• Voice codecs: G.711, G.722, G.721, G.723, G.726, G.723
• Assessing voice quality
• Mean Opinion Scores (MOS)
• Detecting flaws in transmitted voice
• Employing MOS ratings for codecs and real networks
• Assessing Voice Quality
• Measurable components
• What to test and measure
• P.800 / P.861 recommendations
• PESQ

Operating Voice over IP

• The issues when operating Voice over IP
• Delay, Talker overlap, Echo
• Jitter, Packet loss
• Out of Order Delivery
• The role of Voice Processing and DSP
• Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)
• The role of RTP
• RTP header in detail
• RTP payload types
• Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)
• Conclusions

Introduction to Voice over IP signalling

• Overview of signalling in PSTN networks
• Overview of private network signalling
• The major architectures and standards for Voice over IP
• ITU H.323
• IETF SIP
• MGCP and Megaco/H.248
• Cisco SCCP (Skinny)
• VOIP in the enterprise
• VOIP in PSTN Emulation Service (PES)

ITU / IETF Megaco / H.248

• MGCP and Megaco
• The Media Gateway Reference Architecture
• End-to-End call setup
• IETF Megaco
• Megaco Terminations and Contexts
• Megaco Commands
• Megaco Packages
• Megaco IP phone Media Gateway

Overview of IP QoS

• Classifying IP traffic
• Review of the IPv4 Datagram format
• IPv4 Service (TOS) field
• Precedence bits
• DTR(C) bits
• Characteristics of RTP media flows
• Classifying packets in IPv6 networks
• The need for QoS
• IP Differentiated Services (Diff-Serv)
• Queuing and Scheduling mechanisms
• First-In First-Out (FIFO), Strict priority scheduling, Fair Queuing, Weighted-Fair Queuing (WFQ), Class-Based Queuing, Hierarchical Class Based Queuing (CBQ)
• Coping with packet loss
• Controlling admission
• Employing Random Early Detection
• Employing traffic shaping
• IEEE 802.1p/Q
• Operating IP over ATM networks
• Overview of MPLS

SIP Overview

• SIP design requirements
• The development of SIP
• SIP and VOIP
• SIP Vs. H.323 and H.248/MEGACO
• What SIP does
  • SIP and Next Generation Networks, NGN
  • SIP and mobility
• Why we would deploy SIP
• The role of SIP within:
  • Mobile
  • Provider VOIP
  • NGN solutions
  • Unified Communications
  • Multimedia
  • SIP based contact centres and using SIP for contact centre hosting
  • SIP Trunking
  • Mini case studies

SIP Architecture and Components

• SIP User Agents
• SIP Registrar
• SIP Proxies
• SIP Location server
• SIP Redirect Server
• SIP Back to Back User Agent (B2BUA)
• SIP PBX

Overview of SIP Operation

• The SIP User Agent client and server
• The SIP URI
• SIP Methods and Responses
• SIP message exchange
  • SIP Messages involved setting up a simple SIP call
  • INVITE method
  • 100 Trying
  • 180 Ringing
  • 200 OK
  • ACK
  • BYE method
• Overview of other widely used SIP messages
  • SUBSCRIBE
  • OPTIONS
  • NOTIFY
  • REINVITE
  • PUBLISH
  • INFO
  • PRACK

SDP Description and Role

• Role of SDP
• Structure of SDP
• SDP operation

SIP Registration and Location Servers

• Role of the SIP Registration Server
• SIP Registration Method
• SIP Registration/location to provide roaming/mobility

SIP Proxy

• SIP Stateful Proxy
• SIP Call Stateful Proxy
• SIP Stateless Proxy
• SIP Stateful/stateless proxies

SIP URI and DNS

• Mapping E.164 dialled digits to SIP using DNS/ENUM
• SIP and ENUM

The SIP Redirect Server

• SIP REDIRECT methods
• Using redirection to route calls
• Using redirection to implement mobility
• SIP redirection, proxies, registrars, and location services to provide mobility and roaming

Problems of SIP NAT Traversal

• Common solutions to SIP NAT Traversal
• Simple Traversal of UDP through NAT’s, STUN
• Traversal using Relay NAT, TURN
• Universal Plug and Play, UPnP
• Tunnelling/VPN
• Session Border Controller, SBC

SIP In the Cloud

• SIP Gateways
• SIP integration with the PSTN/ISDN
• SIPI and SS7 ISUP
• SIP and H.248/Megaco
• SIP and H.225/H245/H.323
• SIP and MPLS/QOS
• SIP Trunking
• Hosted SIP PBX
• Hosted SIP Conferencing
• Hosted SIP based contact centre

Potential threats to SIP

• Registration Hijacking
• Impersonating a Server
• Tampering with Message Bodies
• Tearing Down Sessions
• Denial of Service and Amplification

Securing SIP

• Transport and Network Layer Security
• SIPS URI Scheme
• SIP Method Authentication
• Registration
• Interdomain Requests
• Peer-to-Peer Requests
• DoS Protection
• HTTP Digest
• S/MIME
• TLS

SIP Solutions and Capacity Planning

• Design considerations when deploying SIP solutions
• Feature requirements
  • Matching customer requirement to cloud offering
  • Identifying the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) requirements
  • Server implementation
• Security and resilience of SIP servers
• Security to the Cloud
• Interconnection and communication with other severs such as DNS, and RADIUS/DIAMETER

Connecting to the Cloud

• SIP based VOIP Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s)
• Sizing VOIP voice channel capacity
• Impact of VOIP on data applications
• Translating Erlangs and Grade of Service (GOS) into VOIP channel capacity
• Impact of VOIP QOS on Grade of Service, GOS
• Concept of Connection Admissions Control, CAC/VCAC
• SIP and QOS
  • Possible QOS signalling within SIP
  • Enforcing the GOS from the SIP servers
• Determining the bandwidth requirements for SIP signalling